Tunda kasuwar IoT ta yi zafi, masu sayar da software da hardware daga kowane fanni na rayuwa sun fara zuba jari, kuma bayan an fayyace yanayin kasuwa mai rarrabuwa, kayayyaki da mafita waɗanda suka dace da yanayin aikace-aikace sun zama ruwan dare. Kuma, domin samar da kayayyaki/mafita su biya buƙatun abokan ciniki a lokaci guda, masana'antun da suka dace za su iya samun iko da ƙarin kuɗaɗen shiga, fasahar bincike kai ta zama babban yanayi, musamman fasahar sadarwa ta wayar salula, da zarar ta shigo kasuwa akwai ɗaruruwan yanayi masu bunƙasa.
Dangane da ƙananan hanyoyin sadarwa mara waya, akwai Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Zigbee, Z-Wave, Thread da sauran fasahohi; dangane da ƙananan hanyoyin sadarwa masu faɗi (LPWAN), akwai kuma Sigfox, LoRa, ZETA, WIoTa, Turmass da sauran fasahohi masu ban mamaki.
Na gaba, wannan takarda ta taƙaita matsayin ci gaban wasu daga cikin fasahohin da ke sama, kuma ta yi nazarin kowace fasaha ta fannoni uku: ƙirƙirar aikace-aikace, tsara kasuwa, da canje-canje a sarkar masana'antu don tattauna yanayin da ake ciki da kuma yanayin kasuwar sadarwa ta IoT nan gaba.
Ƙaramin sadarwa mara waya: Faɗaɗa yanayi, haɗin fasaha
A yau, kowace ƙaramar fasahar sadarwa ta waya tana ci gaba da canzawa, kuma canje-canje a cikin yanayin aiki, aiki da daidaitawa na kowace fasaha a zahiri suna da ɗan haske game da alkiblar kasuwa. A halin yanzu, akwai wani abu na fasahar To C Zuwa B a cikin binciken yanayi, kuma a cikin haɗin fasaha, ban da saukar da yarjejeniyar Matter, haɗin gwiwa tsakanin fasaha yana da wasu ci gaba.
Bluetooth
· An Saki Bluetooth 5.4 - Ƙara Aikace-aikacen Lakabin Farashi na Lakabi na Lakabi na Lakabi
A cewar Bluetooth Core Specification Version 5.4, ESL (Lakabin Farashin Layi) yana amfani da tsarin adireshin na'ura (binary) wanda ya ƙunshi ESL ID mai lambobi 8 da kuma ESL ID na rukuni mai lambobi 7. Kuma ESL ID na musamman ne tsakanin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban. Saboda haka, cibiyar sadarwar na'urar ESL na iya ƙunsar har zuwa ƙungiyoyi 128, kowannensu yana ɗauke da har zuwa na'urorin ESL na musamman 255 waɗanda membobin wannan rukunin ne. A taƙaice, a cikin aikace-aikacen alamar farashi na lantarki, idan an yi amfani da hanyar sadarwa ta Bluetooth 5.4, za a iya samun jimillar na'urorin ESL 32,640 a cikin hanyar sadarwa, ana iya sarrafa kowace alama daga wurin shiga guda ɗaya.
Wi-Fi
· Faɗaɗa yanayin zuwa makullan ƙofofi masu wayo, da sauransu.
Baya ga na'urorin da ake sawa da kuma lasifika masu wayo, kayayyakin gida masu wayo kamar kararrawa ƙofa, na'urorin dumama jiki, agogon ƙararrawa, na'urorin yin kofi da kuma kwan fitila yanzu an haɗa su da hanyoyin sadarwar Wi-Fi. Bugu da ƙari, ana sa ran makullan wayo za su sami damar shiga hanyoyin sadarwar Wi-Fi don ƙarin ayyuka. Wi-Fi 6 yana rage yawan amfani da wutar lantarki yayin da yake ƙara yawan bayanai ta hanyar inganta ingancin hanyar sadarwa da ƙara yawan bandwidth.
· Matsayin Wi-Fi yana aiki
Ganin cewa daidaiton wurin Wi-Fi yanzu ya kai mita 1-2 kuma ana haɓaka matakan ƙarni na uku da na huɗu bisa ga ayyukan wurin Wi-Fi, sabbin fasahohin LBS za su ba da damar yin babban ci gaba a daidaito don yi wa masu amfani da kayayyaki, masana'antu, kamfanoni, da sauransu hidima. Dorothy Stanley, mai tsara ka'idoji a Aruba Networks kuma shugabar IEEE 802.11 Working Group, ta ce sabbin fasahohin LBS da aka inganta za su ba da damar wurin Wi-Fi ya koma cikin mita 0.1. Sabbin fasahohin LBS da aka inganta za su ba da damar sanya Wi-Fi cikin mita 0.1, in ji Dorothy Stanley, mai tsara ka'idoji a Aruba Networks kuma shugabar IEEE 802.11 Working Group.
Zigbee
· Sakin Zigbee Direct, haɗin kai tsaye na Bluetooth da aka haɗa zuwa wayoyin hannu
Ga masu amfani, Zigbee Direct yana samar da sabuwar hanyar mu'amala ta hanyar haɗa Bluetooth, wanda ke ba na'urorin Bluetooth damar shiga na'urori a cikin hanyar sadarwar Zigbee ba tare da amfani da girgije ko cibiya ba. A wannan yanayin, hanyar sadarwar da ke cikin Zigbee na iya haɗawa kai tsaye zuwa wayar ta hanyar fasahar Bluetooth, wanda ke ba wayar damar sarrafa na'urorin da ke cikin hanyar sadarwar Zigbee.
· Sakin Zigbee PRO 2023 yana ƙara tsaron na'urori
Zigbee PRO 2023 ya faɗaɗa tsarin tsaronsa don daidaita aikin da ke tsakiya da tsakiya ta hanyar "aiki tare da dukkan cibiyoyi", wani fasali wanda ke inganta hanyoyin sadarwa masu jurewa ta tsakiya ta hanyar taimaka wa na'urori su gano mafi kyawun maƙallin iyaye don shiga da sake haɗuwa da cibiyar sadarwar cikin aminci. Bugu da ƙari, ƙarin tallafi ga mitoci na Turai (800 Mhz) da Arewacin Amurka (900 MHZ) na ƙananan gigahertz yana ba da ƙarfin sigina da kewayon don tallafawa ƙarin shari'o'in amfani.
Ta hanyar bayanan da ke sama, ba abu ne mai wahala a yanke hukunci guda biyu ba, na farko shine cewa alkiblar sake fasalin fasahar sadarwa tana canzawa a hankali daga inganta aiki zuwa biyan bukatun yanayin aikace-aikace da kuma samar da sabbin kayayyaki ga abokan hulɗar sarkar masana'antu; na biyu shine cewa baya ga yarjejeniyar Matter a cikin "shinge-shinge" na haɗin gwiwa, fasahar kuma tana cikin haɗin kai da haɗin kai ta hanyoyi biyu.
Ba shakka, ƙananan sadarwa mara waya a matsayin hanyar sadarwa ta gida wani ɓangare ne kawai na sadarwa ta IoT, kuma ina ganin cewa ci gaba da fasahar LPWAN mai zafi, ita ma tana jan hankalin mutane sosai.
LPWAN
· Inganta ayyukan sarkar masana'antu, sararin kasuwa a ƙasashen waje
Tun daga farkon shekarun da fasahar ta fara bulla don amfani da kuma shahara, zuwa ga ci gaban fasahar zamani don ɗaukar ƙarin kasuwanni, alkiblar da fasahar ke bi wajen sauya fasalinta tana fuskantar sauyi mai ban mamaki. An fahimci cewa baya ga ƙananan fasahar sadarwa ta waya, abubuwa da yawa sun faru a kasuwar LPWAN a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.
LoRa
· Semtech ta sayi Sierra Wireless
Semtech, wanda ya ƙirƙiri fasahar LoRa, zai haɗa fasahar daidaitawa mara waya ta LoRa cikin na'urorin wayar salula na Sierra Wireless tare da siyan Sierra Wireless, wani kamfani da ke mai da hankali kan na'urorin sadarwa na wayar salula, kuma ta hanyar haɗa samfuran kamfanonin biyu, abokan ciniki za su iya samun damar shiga dandamalin girgije na IoT wanda zai gudanar da ayyuka da yawa ciki har da abokan cinikin sarrafa na'urori za su iya samun damar shiga dandamalin girgije na IoT wanda zai gudanar da ayyuka da yawa ciki har da sarrafa na'urori, sarrafa hanyar sadarwa da tsaro.
· Ƙofofin shiga miliyan 6, ƙananan hanyoyin ƙarshe miliyan 300
Ya kamata a ambaci cewa LoRa tana ci gaba a sassa daban-daban a cikin gida da waje bisa ga takamaiman bayanai daban-daban a kowace ƙasa, inda China ke matsawa zuwa "hanyar sadarwa ta yanki" kuma ƙasashen waje suna ci gaba da gina manyan WANs. An fahimci cewa dandamalin Helium na ƙasashen waje (Helium) yana ba da babban goyon baya ga rufe ƙofar LoRa bisa ga tsarin lada da amfani da kadarorin dijital. Masu gudanar da ita a Arewacin Amurka sun haɗa da Activity, Senet, X-TELIA, da sauransu.
Sigfox
· Haɗuwa da Haɗakar Fasaha da Juna
Tun lokacin da kamfanin IoT na Singapore UnaBiz ya sayi Sigfox a bara, na farko ya daidaita ayyukan na biyu, musamman ma dangane da haɗakar fasaha, kuma Sigfox yanzu yana haɗa wasu fasahohin LPWA da ƙananan fasahohin sadarwa mara waya don ayyukansa. Kwanan nan, UnaBiz ta sauƙaƙe haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Sigfox da LoRa.
· Canjin Tsarin Kasuwanci
UnaBiz ta sake kafa dabarun kasuwancin Sigfox da tsarin kasuwancinta. A baya, dabarun Sigfox na yanke shawarar haɓaka ikon duniya don biyan buƙatu daban-daban da kuma zama mai aiki da kanta ya sanyaya wa kamfanoni da yawa a cikin sarkar masana'antu saboda tsananin iko da yake da shi kan yanayin fasahar zamani, yana buƙatar abokan hulɗa waɗanda ke kan hanyar sadarwar Sigfox su raba adadi mai yawa na kudaden shiga na sabis, da sauransu. Kuma a yau, maimakon mai da hankali kan ayyukan hanyar sadarwa kawai, UnaBiz yana mai da hankali kan manyan masana'antu don samar da ayyuka, daidaita dabarun aiki ga manyan masu ruwa da tsaki (abokan hulɗa, abokan ciniki da masu gudanar da Sigfox) da kuma rage asarar Sigfox da kashi 2/3 a ƙarshen 2022 idan aka kwatanta da ƙarshen 2021.
ZETA
· Buɗaɗɗen muhalli, haɓaka sarkar masana'antu
Ba kamar LoRa ba, inda Semtech da kanta ke samar da kashi 95% na kwakwalwan, masana'antar guntu da module ta ZETA tana da ƙarin mahalarta, ciki har da STMicroelectronics (ST), Silicon Labs, da Socionext a ƙasashen waje, da kuma masana'antun semiconductor na cikin gida kamar Quanxin Micro, Huapu Micro, da Zhipu Micro. Bugu da ƙari, ZETA tana haɗin gwiwa da socionext, Huapu Micro, Zhipu Micro, DaYu Semiconductor da sauran masana'antun guntu, ba wai kawai ga aikace-aikacen sassan ZETA ba, za su iya ba da lasisin IP ga masana'antun aikace-aikace daban-daban a cikin masana'antar, suna ƙirƙirar yanayin muhalli mai buɗewa.
· Ci gaban dandamalin ZETA PaaS
Ta hanyar dandalin ZETA PaaS, masu haɓakawa za su iya ƙirƙirar mafita don ƙarin yanayi; masu samar da fasaha za su iya haɗin gwiwa da IoT PaaS don isa ga kewayon abokan ciniki; masana'antun za su iya haɗawa da kasuwa cikin sauri da rage jimlar farashi. Bugu da ƙari, ta hanyar dandamalin PaaS, kowace na'urar ZETA za ta iya karya ƙa'idodin rukuni da yanayi don haɗawa da juna, don bincika ƙarin ƙimar aikace-aikacen bayanai.
Ta hanyar haɓaka fasahar LPWAN, musamman fatarar kuɗi da "tashin hankali" na Sigfox, za a iya ganin cewa, domin samun ƙarin haɗin gwiwa, fasahar sadarwa ta IoT tana buƙatar abokan hulɗa na sarkar masana'antu don haɓaka tare da haɓaka shiga da samun kuɗi ga masu ruwa da tsaki. A lokaci guda, za mu iya ganin cewa wasu fasahohi kamar LoRa da ZETA suma suna haɓaka yanayin muhalli sosai.
A taƙaice, idan aka kwatanta da shekarun da suka gabata lokacin da aka haifi fasahar sadarwa kuma kowanne mai riƙe da fasaha yana aiki daban-daban, babban ci gaba a cikin 'yan shekarun nan shine haɗuwa, gami da haɗin gwiwar ƙananan fasahar sadarwa mara waya dangane da aiki da aiki, da kuma fasahar LPWAN dangane da amfani.
A gefe guda kuma, abubuwa kamar yadda bayanai ke wucewa da kuma jinkirin da ake samu, waɗanda a da suka kasance abin da fasahar zamani ke mayar da hankali a kai, yanzu sun zama muhimman buƙatu, kuma yanzu abin da fasahar zamani ke mayar da hankali a kai shi ne faɗaɗa yanayi da ayyukansa. Sauyin da ake yi a alkiblar da ake mayar da hankali a kai a zahiri yana nufin cewa adadin mahalarta a masana'antar yana ƙaruwa kuma yanayin muhalli yana inganta. A matsayin tushen haɗin IoT, fasahar sadarwa ba za ta tsaya a kan haɗin "cliché" a nan gaba ba, amma za ta sami ƙarin sabbin ra'ayoyi.
Lokacin Saƙo: Afrilu-27-2023





