Batun da za mu yi magana a kai a yau yana da alaƙa da gidaje masu wayo.
Idan ana maganar gidaje masu wayo, bai kamata kowa ya saba da su ba. A farkon wannan ƙarni, lokacin da aka fara ƙirƙirar manufar Intanet na Abubuwa, mafi mahimmancin fannin aikace-aikace, shine gidan mai wayo.
Tsawon shekaru, tare da ci gaba da haɓaka fasahar zamani, an ƙirƙiri ƙarin kayan aiki masu wayo don gida. Waɗannan kayan aikin sun kawo babban jin daɗi ga rayuwar iyali kuma sun ƙara wa jin daɗin rayuwa.
Bayan lokaci, za ku sami manhajoji da yawa a wayarka.
Eh, wannan ita ce matsalar shingen muhalli da ta daɗe tana addabar masana'antar gidaje masu wayo.
A gaskiya ma, ci gaban fasahar IoT koyaushe yana kasancewa ta hanyar rarrabuwa. Yanayi daban-daban na aikace-aikace sun dace da halaye daban-daban na fasahar IoT. Wasu suna buƙatar babban bandwidth, wasu suna buƙatar ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, wasu suna mai da hankali kan kwanciyar hankali, wasu kuma suna damuwa sosai game da farashi.
Wannan ya haifar da gaurayar fasahar sadarwa ta 2/3/4/5G, NB-IoT, eMTC, LoRa, SigFox, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, Thread da sauran fasahohin sadarwa na asali.
Gidan mai wayo, bi da bi, yanayi ne na LAN na yau da kullun, tare da fasahar sadarwa ta gajere kamar Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, Zaren, da sauransu, a cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan da kuma amfani da juna.
Bugu da ƙari, yayin da gidaje masu wayo suka karkata ga masu amfani waɗanda ba ƙwararru ba, masana'antun suna gina dandamali da hanyoyin haɗin UI na kansu kuma suna ɗaukar ka'idojin aikace-aikacen mallakar kansu don tabbatar da ƙwarewar mai amfani. Wannan ya haifar da "yaƙin tsarin muhalli" na yanzu.
Shimfida tsakanin yanayin halittu ba wai kawai ta haifar da matsaloli marasa iyaka ga masu amfani ba, har ma ga masu siyarwa da masu haɓakawa - ƙaddamar da samfuri iri ɗaya yana buƙatar haɓakawa ga yanayin halittu daban-daban, wanda hakan ke ƙara yawan aiki da farashi sosai.
Saboda matsalar shingayen muhalli babban cikas ne ga ci gaban gidaje masu wayo na dogon lokaci, masana'antar ta fara aiki don nemo mafita ga wannan matsalar.
Asalin yarjejeniyar Matter
A watan Disamba na 2019, Google da Apple sun shiga Zigbee Alliance, inda suka haɗu da Amazon da kamfanoni sama da 200 da dubban ƙwararru a duk faɗin duniya don haɓaka sabuwar yarjejeniyar aikace-aikacen, wacce aka sani da yarjejeniyar Project CHIP (Connected Home over IP).
Kamar yadda kuke gani daga sunan, CHIP yana magana ne game da haɗa gida bisa ga ka'idojin IP. An ƙaddamar da wannan ka'idar ne da nufin ƙara dacewa da na'urori, sauƙaƙe haɓaka samfura, inganta ƙwarewar mai amfani da kuma ciyar da masana'antar gaba.
Bayan an kafa ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta CHIP, shirin farko shine a fitar da tsarin a shekarar 2020 sannan a ƙaddamar da samfurin a shekarar 2021. Duk da haka, saboda dalilai daban-daban, wannan shirin bai cimma nasara ba.
A watan Mayu na shekarar 2021, Zigbee Alliance ta canza sunanta zuwa CSA (Ƙungiyar Haɗaka da Ka'idojin Haɗin Kai). A lokaci guda kuma, an sake wa aikin CHIP suna zuwa Matter (ma'ana "yanayi, abin da ya faru, abu" a cikin Sinanci).
An sake wa ƙungiyar Alliance suna saboda mambobi da yawa ba sa son shiga Zigbee, kuma an canza CHIP zuwa Matter, wataƙila saboda kalmar CHIP ta shahara sosai (da farko tana nufin "guntu") kuma tana da sauƙin faɗuwa.
A watan Oktoba na shekarar 2022, CSA ta fitar da sigar 1.0 ta tsarin ka'idar Matter. Ba da daɗewa ba kafin hakan, a ranar 18 ga Mayu 2023, an sake fitar da sigar Matter 1.1.
An raba membobin ƙungiyar CSA zuwa matakai uku: Mai farawa, Mai shiga da kuma Mai ɗaukar nauyi. Masu ƙaddamar da ƙungiyar suna a matakin farko, kasancewarsu na farko da suka shiga cikin tsara yarjejeniyar, membobin Hukumar Gudanarwa ta Ƙungiyar ne kuma suna shiga cikin shugabanci da shawarwarin ƙungiyar.
Google da Apple, a matsayin wakilan waɗanda suka fara wannan aiki, sun ba da gudummawa sosai ga ƙayyadaddun bayanai na farko game da Matter.
Google ya ba da gudummawar tsarin hanyar sadarwa da aikace-aikacen Smart Home na Weave (tsarin hanyoyin tantancewa da umarni na yau da kullun don aikin na'urori), yayin da Apple ya ba da gudummawar Tsaron HAP (don sadarwa daga ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe da sarrafa LAN na gida, tabbatar da ingantaccen sirri da tsaro).
A cewar sabbin bayanai da aka fitar a shafin yanar gizon hukuma, jimillar kamfanoni 29 ne suka fara wannan kawancen CSA, tare da mahalarta 282 da kuma masu goyon bayan 238.
A ƙarƙashin jagorancin manyan kamfanoni, 'yan wasan masana'antu suna fitar da kadarorinsu na ilimi ga Matter kuma sun himmatu wajen gina babban tsarin muhalli mai haɗin kai wanda ba shi da matsala.
Tsarin tsarin yarjejeniyar Matter
Bayan duk wannan tattaunawa, ta yaya muka fahimci ka'idar Matter daidai? Menene alaƙarta da Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Thread da Zigbee?
Ba da sauri ba, bari mu dubi zane:
Wannan zane ne na tsarin yarjejeniya: Wi-Fi, Zaren, Bluetooth (BLE) da Ethernet su ne ka'idojin da ke ƙarƙashinsu (matakan haɗin jiki da bayanai); sama ita ce ka'idar hanyar sadarwa, gami da ka'idojin IP; sama ita ce ka'idar sufuri, gami da ka'idojin TCP da UDP; kuma ka'idar Matter, kamar yadda muka ambata, ka'idar matakin aikace-aikace ce.
Bluetooth da Zigbee suna da takamaiman matakan hanyar sadarwa, jigilar kaya da aikace-aikace, ban da ƙa'idodi na asali.
Saboda haka, Matter tsari ne na musamman wanda ke da alaƙa da Zigbee da Bluetooth. A halin yanzu, ƙa'idodin da Matter ke tallafawa kawai sune Wi-Fi, Thread da Ethernet (Ethernet).
Baya ga tsarin yarjejeniyar, muna buƙatar sanin cewa yarjejeniyar Matter an tsara ta ne da falsafar buɗe ido.
Yarjejeniya ce ta bude tushen da kowa zai iya gani, amfani da ita, kuma ya gyara ta don dacewa da yanayi da buƙatu daban-daban na aikace-aikace, wanda zai ba da damar fa'idodin fasaha na bayyana gaskiya da aminci.
Tsaron yarjejeniyar Matter shi ma babban abin da ake sayarwa ne. Yana amfani da sabuwar fasahar ɓoye bayanai kuma yana tallafawa ɓoye bayanai daga ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe don tabbatar da cewa ba a sace ko an yi amfani da su wajen satar bayanai daga masu amfani ba.
Tsarin hanyar sadarwa ta Matter
Na gaba, za mu duba ainihin hanyar sadarwa ta Matter. Kuma, an kwatanta wannan da zane:
Kamar yadda zane ya nuna, Matter yarjejeniya ce ta tushen TCP/IP, don haka Matter shine duk abin da aka haɗa TCP/IP.
Ana iya haɗa na'urorin Wi-Fi da Ethernet waɗanda ke tallafawa yarjejeniyar Matter kai tsaye zuwa na'urar sadarwa mara waya. Na'urorin zaren da ke tallafawa yarjejeniyar Matter suma ana iya haɗa su zuwa hanyoyin sadarwa na tushen IP kamar Wi-Fi ta hanyar Routers na Border.
Ana iya haɗa na'urorin da ba sa goyon bayan yarjejeniyar Matter, kamar na'urorin Zigbee ko Bluetooth, zuwa na'urar nau'in gada (Matter Bridge/Gateway) don canza yarjejeniyar sannan a haɗa ta zuwa na'urar sadarwa mara waya.
Ci gaban masana'antu a Matter
Matter yana wakiltar wani yanayi na fasahar gida mai wayo. Saboda haka, ya sami kulawa da goyon baya mai yawa tun lokacin da aka kafa shi.
Masana'antar tana da kyakkyawan fata game da hasashen ci gaban Matter. A cewar wani rahoto na baya-bayan nan da kamfanin bincike kan kasuwa na ABI Research ya fitar, za a sayar da na'urorin gida masu wayo sama da biliyan 20 a duk duniya daga 2022 zuwa 2030, kuma babban kaso na waɗannan nau'ikan na'urori zai cika ƙa'idodin Matter.
A halin yanzu, Matter tana amfani da tsarin bayar da takardar shaida. Masu kera suna haɓaka kayan aiki waɗanda ke buƙatar wucewa tsarin bayar da takardar shaida na ƙungiyar CSA domin karɓar takardar shaidar Matter kuma a ba su izinin amfani da tambarin Matter.
A cewar CSA, ƙayyadaddun Matter zai shafi nau'ikan na'urori iri-iri kamar su allunan sarrafawa, makullan ƙofa, fitilu, soket, maɓallan wuta, na'urori masu auna zafi, na'urorin dumama zafi, fanka, masu kula da yanayi, makafi da na'urorin watsa labarai, waɗanda suka shafi kusan dukkan yanayi a cikin gidan mai wayo.
Dangane da masana'antu, masana'antar ta riga ta sami masana'antun da yawa waɗanda samfuransu suka wuce takardar shaidar Matter kuma suna shiga kasuwa a hankali. A ɓangaren masana'antun guntu da module, akwai kuma goyon baya mai ƙarfi ga Matter.
Kammalawa
Babban aikin da Matter yake yi a matsayin tsarin saman duniya shine ya karya shingen da ke tsakanin na'urori daban-daban da kuma yanayin halittu. Mutane daban-daban suna da ra'ayoyi daban-daban game da Matter, wasu suna ganinsa a matsayin mai ceto wasu kuma suna ganinsa a matsayin wani abu mai tsabta.
A halin yanzu, yarjejeniyar Matter har yanzu tana cikin matakan farko na zuwa kasuwa kuma ko da yake tana fuskantar wasu matsaloli da ƙalubale, kamar tsadar farashi da kuma tsawaita lokacin sabunta kayan aiki.
Koma dai mene ne, yana kawo cikas ga shekarun da tsarin fasahar gida mai wayo ya shafe yana aiki. Idan tsohon tsarin yana takaita ci gaban fasaha da kuma takaita kwarewar mai amfani, to muna bukatar fasahohi kamar Matter su tashi tsaye su dauki babban aiki.
Ko Matter zai yi nasara ko a'a, ba za mu iya cewa tabbas ba. Duk da haka, hangen nesa ne na dukkan masana'antar gida mai wayo da kuma nauyin kowane kamfani da ma'aikaci a masana'antar don ƙarfafa fasahar dijital cikin rayuwar gida da kuma ci gaba da inganta ƙwarewar rayuwa ta dijital na masu amfani.
Ina fatan gidan mai wayo zai karya dukkan sarkakiyar fasaha kuma ya shigo cikin kowane gida nan ba da jimawa ba.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuni-29-2023