Batun da za mu yi magana a kansa a yau yana da alaƙa da gidaje masu wayo.
Idan ana maganar gidaje masu hankali, babu wanda ya isa ya saba da su. Komawa a farkon wannan karni, lokacin da aka fara haifar da ra'ayin Intanet na Abubuwa, yanki mafi mahimmanci na aikace-aikacen, shine gida mai wayo.
A cikin shekaru da yawa, tare da ci gaba da haɓaka fasahar dijital, an ƙirƙira ƙarin kayan aiki masu wayo don gida. Waɗannan kayan aikin sun kawo jin daɗi ga rayuwar iyali kuma sun ƙara jin daɗin rayuwa.
A tsawon lokaci, za ku sami apps da yawa akan wayarka.
Ee, wannan ita ce matsalar shingen muhalli wacce ta daɗe tana addabar masana'antar gida mai wayo.
A zahiri, ci gaban fasahar IoT koyaushe yana da alaƙa da rarrabuwa. Yanayin aikace-aikacen daban-daban sun dace da halaye daban-daban na fasahar IoT. Wasu suna buƙatar babban bandwidth, wasu suna buƙatar ƙarancin wutar lantarki, wasu suna mai da hankali kan kwanciyar hankali, wasu kuma suna damuwa sosai game da farashi.
Wannan ya haifar da haɗuwa da 2/3/4/5G, NB-IoT, eMTC, LoRa, SigFox, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, Thread da sauran fasahohin sadarwa masu tushe.
Gidan mai kaifin kai, bi da bi, shine yanayin lamuni na yau da kullun, tare da fasahar sadarwa ta ɗan gajeren lokaci kamar Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Bluetooth, Bluetooth, Bluetooth, zaren Bluetoo, da sauransu, da sauransu.
Haka kuma, kamar yadda gidaje masu wayo ke da alaƙa ga masu amfani da ba ƙwararrun masu amfani ba, masana'antun sukan gina nasu dandamali da mu'amalar UI da ɗaukar ka'idojin ƙirar aikace-aikacen mallaka don tabbatar da ƙwarewar mai amfani. Wannan ya haifar da "yakin muhalli" na yanzu.
Matsalolin da ke tsakanin tsarin halittu ba wai kawai sun haifar da matsaloli marasa iyaka ga masu amfani ba, har ma ga masu siyarwa da masu haɓakawa - ƙaddamar da samfurin iri ɗaya yana buƙatar haɓakawa don yanayin halittu daban-daban, haɓaka aikin aiki da tsada sosai.
Domin matsalar matsalolin da ke tattare da muhalli wani babban cikas ne ga bunkasar gidaje masu wayo na dogon lokaci, masana'antar ta fara aiki don nemo mafita ga wannan matsalar.
Haihuwar Matter Protocol
A cikin Disamba 2019, Google da Apple sun shiga cikin Zigbee Alliance, suna shiga Amazon da kamfanoni sama da 200 da dubunnan masana a duk duniya don haɓaka sabuwar ƙa'idar Layer na aikace-aikacen, wanda aka fi sani da Protocol Project CHIP (Connected Home over IP).
Kamar yadda kake gani daga sunan, CHIP shine game da haɗa gida bisa ka'idojin IP. An ƙaddamar da wannan ƙa'idar tare da manufar haɓaka haɓakar na'ura, sauƙaƙe haɓaka samfuran, haɓaka ƙwarewar mai amfani da haɓaka masana'antar gaba.
Bayan an haifi ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta CHIP, ainihin shirin shine a saki ma'auni a cikin 2020 da ƙaddamar da samfurin a cikin 2021. Duk da haka, saboda dalilai daban-daban, wannan shirin bai cika ba.
A cikin Mayu 2021, Zigbee Alliance ta canza suna zuwa CSA (Connectivity Standards Alliance). A lokaci guda kuma, an canza sunan aikin CHIP zuwa Matter (ma'ana "yanayi, taron, kwayoyin halitta" a cikin Sinanci).
An canza sunan ƙungiyar saboda yawancin membobin sun ƙi shiga Zigbee, kuma an canza CHIP zuwa Matter, mai yiwuwa saboda kalmar CHIP ta kasance sananne sosai (asali tana nufin "guntu") kuma tana da sauƙin faɗuwa.
A cikin Oktoba 2022, CSA a ƙarshe ta fitar da sigar 1.0 na ƙa'idar daidaitattun Matter. Jim kadan kafin hakan, a ranar 18 ga Mayu 2023, an kuma fitar da Matter version 1.1.
Membobin ƙungiyar CSA sun kasu zuwa matakai uku: Mai farawa, Mahalarta da Mai ɗaukar nauyi. Masu farawa suna a matakin mafi girma, kasancewarsu na farko da suka shiga cikin tsara tsarin, membobin kwamitin gudanarwa na Alliance ne kuma suna shiga wani lokaci a cikin jagoranci da yanke shawara na Alliance.
Google da Apple, a matsayin wakilan masu farawa, sun ba da gudummawa sosai ga farkon ƙayyadaddun Matter.
Google ya ba da gudummawar nasa tsarin cibiyar sadarwa na Smart Home da ƙa'idar aikace-aikacen Weave (saitin daidaitattun ingantattun hanyoyin tabbatarwa da umarni don aikin na'urar), yayin da Apple ya ba da gudummawar Tsaron HAP (don sadarwa daga ƙarshen zuwa-ƙarshe da magudin LAN na gida, yana tabbatar da sirri mai ƙarfi da tsaro). ).
Dangane da sabbin bayanai akan gidan yanar gizon hukuma, jimlar kamfanoni 29 ne suka ƙaddamar da ƙungiyar ta CSA, tare da mahalarta 282 da masu karɓar 238.
Kattai ne ke jagoranta, ƴan wasan masana'antu suna fitar da haƙƙinsu na fasaha don Matter kuma sun himmatu wajen gina ƙaƙƙarfan haɗe-haɗen yanayin muhalli mara kyau.
Matter's protocol architecture
Bayan duk wannan magana, ta yaya daidai muke fahimtar ka'idar Matter? Menene alakar sa da Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Thread da Zigbee?
Ba da sauri ba, bari mu kalli zane:
Wannan zane ne na tsarin gine-gine: Wi-Fi, Thread, Bluetooth (BLE) da Ethernet su ne ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin (jiki da haɗin haɗin bayanai); zuwa sama shine layin hanyar sadarwa, gami da ka'idojin IP; zuwa sama shine layin sufuri, gami da ka'idojin TCP da UDP; kuma Matter Protocol, kamar yadda muka ambata, ƙa'idar Layer ce ta aikace-aikace.
Bluetooth da Zigbee suma suna da keɓancewar hanyar sadarwa, sufuri da yaduddukan aikace-aikace, ban da ƙa'idodin ƙa'idar.
Don haka, Matter ƙa'idar keɓantacce ce tare da Zigbee da Bluetooth. A halin yanzu, kawai ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin da Matter ke goyan bayan shine Wi-Fi, Zaren da Ethernet (Ethernet).
Baya ga tsarin gine-ginen yarjejeniya, muna bukatar mu san cewa an tsara ka'idar Matter tare da falsafar buɗaɗɗiyar.
Ƙa'idar buɗaɗɗen tushe ce wacce kowa zai iya dubawa, amfani da shi da kuma gyara shi don dacewa da yanayin aikace-aikacen daban-daban da buƙatu, wanda zai ba da damar fa'idodin fasaha na gaskiya da aminci.
Tsaro na Matter Protocol shima babban wurin siyarwa ne. Yana amfani da sabuwar fasahar ɓoyewa kuma tana goyan bayan ɓoye-ɓoye na ƙarshe-zuwa-ƙarshe don tabbatar da cewa ba a sace sadarwar masu amfani da su ba.
Samfurin sadarwar Matter
Na gaba, za mu dubi ainihin hanyar sadarwar Matter. Har ila yau, ana kwatanta wannan ta zane:
Kamar yadda zane ya nuna, Matter shine tsarin TCP/IP, don haka Matter shine duk abin da aka haɗa TCP/IP a ciki.
Ana iya haɗa na'urorin Wi-Fi da Ethernet waɗanda ke goyan bayan ka'idar Matter kai tsaye zuwa na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa. Hakanan ana iya haɗa na'urorin zaren da ke goyan bayan ƙa'idar Matter zuwa cibiyoyin sadarwa na tushen IP kamar Wi-Fi ta hanyar Rayukan kan iyaka.
Ana iya haɗa na'urorin da ba su goyan bayan ƙa'idar Matter, irin su Zigbee ko na'urorin Bluetooth, zuwa na'urar nau'in gada (Matter Bridge/Gateway) don canza ƙa'idar sannan a haɗa zuwa na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa.
Ci gaban masana'antu a cikin Matter
Matter yana wakiltar yanayin fasaha na gida mai wayo. Don haka, ta sami kulawa mai yawa da goyon baya mai ɗorewa tun farkon ta.
Masana'antar tana da kyakkyawan fata game da ci gaban Matter. A cewar wani rahoto na baya-bayan nan da kamfanin bincike na kasuwa ABI Research, sama da biliyan 20 na'urorin gida masu wayo ba tare da waya ba za a siyar dasu a duk duniya daga 2022 zuwa 2030, kuma yawancin nau'ikan waɗannan nau'ikan za su dace da ƙayyadaddun Matter.
Matter a halin yanzu yana amfani da hanyar tabbatarwa. Masu masana'anta suna haɓaka kayan aikin da ke buƙatar wuce tsarin takaddun shaida na haɗin gwiwar CSA don karɓar takardar shaidar Matter kuma a ba su izinin amfani da tambarin Matter.
A cewar CSA, ƙayyadaddun Matter zai shafi nau'ikan na'urori masu yawa kamar su na'urori masu sarrafawa, makullin ƙofa, fitilu, sockets, switches, na'urori masu auna firikwensin, ma'aunin zafi da sanyio, magoya baya, masu kula da yanayi, makafi da na'urorin watsa labarai, wanda ke rufe kusan dukkan al'amura a ciki. gidan mai hankali.
Mai hikimar masana'antu, masana'antar ta riga tana da masana'antun da yawa waɗanda samfuransu sun wuce takaddun shaida na Matter kuma a hankali suna shiga kasuwa. A bangaren masana'antun guntu da na'ura, akwai kuma ingantacciyar goyon baya ga Matter.
Kammalawa
Babban aikin Matter a matsayin yarjejeniya ta sama shine ta wargaza shinge tsakanin na'urori daban-daban da yanayin muhalli. Mutane daban-daban suna da ra'ayi daban-daban game da Matter, wasu suna ganinsa a matsayin mai ceto wasu kuma suna ganinsa a matsayin tsattsauran ra'ayi.
A halin yanzu, ka'idar Matter har yanzu tana kan matakin farko na zuwa kasuwa kuma fiye ko žasa tana fuskantar wasu matsaloli da ƙalubale, kamar tsadar tsada da tsayin daka don sabunta kayan na'urori.
A kowane hali, yana kawo girgiza ga shekaru maras ban sha'awa na tsarin fasahar gida mai kaifin baki. Idan tsohon tsarin yana iyakance ci gaban fasaha da iyakance ƙwarewar mai amfani, to muna buƙatar fasaha kamar Matter don haɓakawa da ɗaukar babban aiki.
Ko Matter zai yi nasara ko a'a, ba za mu iya cewa tabbas ba. Koyaya, hangen nesa ne na masana'antar gida mai kaifin baki da alhakin kowane kamfani da ma'aikaci a cikin masana'antar don ƙarfafa fasahar dijital cikin rayuwar gida da ci gaba da haɓaka ƙwarewar rayuwa ta dijital na masu amfani.
Fata cewa gida mai wayo zai karya duk ƙuƙumman fasaha kuma da gaske ya shigo kowane gida.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-29-2023