Marubuci:梧桐
A cewar Bluetooth SIG, an fitar da sigar Bluetooth 5.4, wanda ya kawo sabon ma'auni don alamun farashi na lantarki. An fahimci cewa sabunta fasahar da ke da alaƙa, a gefe guda, ana iya faɗaɗa alamar farashi a cikin hanyar sadarwa ɗaya zuwa 32640, a gefe guda kuma, ƙofar za ta iya samar da sadarwa ta hanyoyi biyu tare da alamar farashi.
Labarin ya kuma sa mutane su yi sha'awar wasu tambayoyi: Menene sabbin abubuwa na fasaha a cikin sabuwar Bluetooth? Menene tasirin amfani da alamun farashin lantarki? Shin zai canza tsarin masana'antu da ake da shi? Na gaba, wannan takarda za ta tattauna batutuwan da ke sama, yanayin ci gaban alamun farashin lantarki a nan gaba.
Kuma, Gane Alamar Farashin Lantarki
Alamar farashi ta lantarki, na'urar nuna takardu ta LCD da lantarki tare da aikin aikawa da karɓar bayanai, ta hanyar sadarwa mara waya don cimma canjin bayanin alamar farashi. Domin yana iya maye gurbin alamar farashi ta gargajiya, tare da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki (alamar farashin lantarki ta allon tawada tare da batirin maɓalli 2 na iya cimma fiye da shekaru 5 na juriya), yawancin masana'antun dillalai suna fifita shi. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin shahararrun samfuran kasuwanci na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje kamar Wal-Mart, Yonghui, Hema Fresh, Mi home da sauransu.
Kuma alamar farashin lantarki ba wai kawai alama ce ta alama ba, har ma da cikakken tsarin da ke bayanta. Gabaɗaya, tsarin alamar farashin lantarki ya ƙunshi sassa huɗu: alamar farashin lantarki (ESL), tashar tushe mara waya (ESLAP), alamar farashin lantarki tsarin SaaS da tashar hannu (PDA).
Ka'idar aiki ta tsarin ita ce: daidaita bayanai kan kayayyaki da farashi akan dandamalin girgije na SaaS, da aika bayanai zuwa alamar farashi ta lantarki ta tashar tushe ta ESL. Bayan karɓar bayanin, alamar farashi na iya nuna bayanan kayayyaki na asali kamar suna, farashi, asali da ƙayyadaddun bayanai a ainihin lokaci. Hakazalika, ana iya canza bayanan samfurin ba tare da layi ba ta hanyar duba lambar samfurin ta hanyar PDA mai hannu.
Daga cikinsu, watsa bayanai ya dogara ne da fasahar sadarwa ta waya. A halin yanzu, akwai manyan ka'idojin sadarwa guda uku da ake amfani da su a kan alamun farashin lantarki: 433 MHz, 2.4GHz na sirri, Bluetooth, kuma kowace ka'idoji uku tana da nata fa'idodi da rashin amfani.
Don haka, Bluetooth yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙa'idodi mafi daidaito, amma a zahiri, a kasuwa, amfani da Bluetooth da yarjejeniyar sirri ta 2.4GHz kusan iri ɗaya ne. Amma yanzu Bluetooth don alamar farashin lantarki don kafa sabon ma'auni, ba abu ne mai wahala a gani ba, shine ɗaukar alamar farashin lantarki ta wannan aikace-aikacen fiye da haka.
Me ke faruwa da ma'aunin Bluetooth ESL?
A halin yanzu, radius ɗin ɗaukar hoto na tashoshin tushen ESL yana tsakanin mita 30-40, kuma matsakaicin adadin alamun da za a iya ɗauka ya bambanta daga 1000-5000. Amma bisa ga sabon sigar Bluetooth Core Specification Version 5.4, ƙarƙashin tallafin sabuwar fasaha, hanyar sadarwa za ta iya haɗa na'urorin ESL 32,640, ban da ƙirƙirar na'urorin ESL da sadarwa ta hanyoyi biyu.
Bluetooth 5.4 yana sabunta fasali guda biyu da suka shafi alamun farashin lantarki:
1. Talla ta Lokaci-lokaci tare da Amsoshi (PAwR, talla ta lokaci-lokaci tare da amsoshi)
PAwR zai ba da damar aiwatar da hanyar sadarwa ta tauraro tare da sadarwa ta hanyoyi biyu, wani fasali wanda ke ƙara ƙarfin na'urorin ESL don karɓar bayanai da kuma amsawa ga mai aikawa. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya raba na'urorin ESL zuwa ƙungiyoyi da yawa, kuma kowace na'urar ESL tana da takamaiman adireshi don haɓaka haɗi da kuma ba da damar sadarwa ta ɗaya zuwa ɗaya da ɗaya zuwa ɗaya.
A cikin hoton, AP ita ce mai watsa shirye-shiryen PAwR; ESL alamar farashi ce ta lantarki (wanda ke cikin GRPS daban-daban, tare da ID daban-daban); subevent wani yanki ne na ƙasa; ramin rsp shine ramin amsawa. A cikin hoton, layin kwance baƙi shine AP wanda ke aika umarni da fakiti zuwa ESL, kuma layin kwance ja shine amsawar ESL kuma yana mayar da martani ga AP.
A cewar Bluetooth Core Specification Version 5.4, ESL tana amfani da tsarin adireshin na'ura (binary) wanda ya ƙunshi 8-bit ESL ids da 7-bit group ids. Kuma ESL ID na musamman ne a cikin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban. Saboda haka, hanyar sadarwar na'urar ESL na iya ƙunsar har zuwa ƙungiyoyi 128, kowannensu zai iya ƙunsar har zuwa na'urorin ESL na musamman 255 na membobin ƙungiyar. A taƙaice, za a iya samun jimillar na'urorin ESL 32,640 a cikin hanyar sadarwa, kuma ana iya sarrafa kowane lakabi daga wurin shiga guda ɗaya.
2. Bayanan Talla da aka ɓoye (EAD, Bayanan watsa shirye-shirye da aka ɓoye)
EAD galibi tana samar da ayyukan ɓoye bayanan watsa shirye-shirye. Bayan an ɓoye bayanan watsa shirye-shirye, kowace na'ura za ta iya karɓar su, amma na'urar da ta taɓa raba maɓallin sadarwa za ta iya ɓoye su kuma ta tabbatar da su ne kawai. Babban fa'idar wannan fasalin ita ce abubuwan da ke cikin fakitin watsa shirye-shirye suna canzawa yayin da adireshin na'urar ke canzawa, wanda ke rage yuwuwar bin diddigin su.
Dangane da fasaloli biyu da aka ambata a sama na sabuntawar, Bluetooth zai fi amfani a aikace-aikacen sitika na lantarki. Musamman idan aka kwatanta da 433MHz da 2.4GHz na sirri, ba su da ƙa'idodin sadarwa na duniya da suka dace, aiki, kwanciyar hankali, tsaro ba za a iya tabbatar da shi mafi kyau ba, musamman dangane da tsaro, yuwuwar fayyace bayanai zai fi girma.
Da isowar sabon ma'auni, masana'antar farashin lantarki na iya haifar da wasu canje-canje, musamman masana'antun na'urorin sadarwa da masu samar da mafita a tsakiyar sarkar masana'antu. Ga masu kera mafita na Bluetooth, ko tallafawa sabunta samfuran da aka sayar da OTA da kuma ko za a ƙara Bluetooth 5.4 a cikin sabon layin samfura tambaya ce da za a yi la'akari da ita. Kuma ga masu kera tsarin Bluetooth waɗanda ba na Bluetooth ba, ko canza tsarin asali zuwa amfani da Bluetooth shi ma matsala ce.
Amma kuma, ta yaya kasuwar farashin lantarki ke bunƙasa a yau, kuma menene wahalhalun?
Matsayin ci gaban kasuwa da wahalhalun da ke tattare da farashin lantarki
A halin yanzu, ta hanyar amfani da takardun lantarki na masana'antu na sama, jigilar farashin lantarki ya kammala ci gaba a kowace shekara.
A cewar rahoton Lotu na Global ePaper Market Analysis Quarterly, an aika da kayayyaki miliyan 190 na e-paper a duk duniya a cikin kwata uku na farko na 2022, wanda ya karu da kashi 20.5% idan aka kwatanta da wannan lokacin a bara. Dangane da kayayyakin takarda na lantarki, jigilar kayayyaki na lantarki a duniya a cikin kwata uku na farko ya kai guda miliyan 180, tare da karuwar kashi 28.6%.
Amma yanzu alamun e-tags suna fuskantar matsala wajen gano ƙimar ƙaruwa. Tunda lakabin lantarki yana da tsawon rai na sabis, zai ɗauki aƙalla shekaru 5-10 don maye gurbinsu, don haka ba za a sami maye gurbin hannun jari ba cikin dogon lokaci, don haka za mu iya neman kasuwa mai ƙaruwa kawai. Matsalar, duk da haka, ita ce yawancin dillalai ba sa son canzawa zuwa alamun farashin lantarki. "Wasu dillalai sun yi jinkirin amfani da fasahar ESL saboda damuwa game da kulle-kullen masu siyarwa, haɗin kai, iya daidaitawa da kuma ikon haɓaka shi zuwa wasu tsare-tsaren dillalai masu wayo," in ji Andrew Zignani, darektan Bincike a ABI Research.
Hakazalika, farashi shi ma babbar matsala ce. Duk da cewa an daidaita farashin lantarki sosai don rage yawan farashin saka kaya, har yanzu manyan kantunan kamar Walmart da Yonghui ne kawai ke amfani da shi a kasuwar dillalai. Ga ƙananan kantunan al'umma, shagunan sayar da kayayyaki da shagunan sayar da littattafai, farashinsa har yanzu yana da tsada. Kuma ya kamata a ambata cewa alamun farashin lantarki suma kawai buƙata ce ga shagunan da ba manyan shaguna ba.
Bugu da ƙari, yanayin aikace-aikacen yanzu na alamun farashin lantarki suna da sauƙi. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da kashi 90% na alamun farashin lantarki a ɓangaren dillalai, amma ƙasa da kashi 10% ana amfani da su a ofis, likita da sauran yanayi. SES-imagotag, wani babban kamfani a masana'antar alamun farashin dijital, ya yi imanin cewa alamar farashin dijital ba wai kawai ta zama kayan aikin nuna farashi mai sauƙi ba, har ma ya kamata ta zama ƙaramin yanar gizo na bayanai masu amfani waɗanda za su iya taimaka wa masu amfani su yanke shawara kan kashe kuɗi da kuma adana lokaci da farashi ga ma'aikata da ma'aikata.
Duk da haka, akwai kuma labari mai daɗi bayan wahalhalun. Yawan shigar da alamun farashin lantarki a kasuwannin cikin gida bai kai kashi 10% ba, wanda ke nufin cewa har yanzu akwai kasuwa da yawa da za a yi amfani da ita. A lokaci guda, tare da inganta manufofin kula da annoba, dawo da amfani da kayayyaki babban yanayi ne, kuma dawowar ramuwar gayya ta ɓangaren dillalai ma tana zuwa, wanda kuma dama ce mai kyau ga alamun farashin lantarki don neman ci gaban kasuwa. Bugu da ƙari, ƙarin 'yan wasa a cikin sarkar masana'antu suna yin aiki tuƙuru don shimfida alamun farashin lantarki, Qualcomm da SES-imagotag suna haɗin gwiwa kan alamun farashin lantarki. A nan gaba, tare da amfani da fasahar zamani da yanayin daidaitawa, alamun farashin lantarki suma za su sami sabuwar makoma.
Lokacin Saƙo: Fabrairu-21-2023